Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nicholas the Wonderworker. Saint Nicholas was recognized as a Saint long before the Roman Catholic Church began regularizing canonization procedures in the late 10th century (at that time local bishop canonized saints; in the late 1100s canonization in the Roman Catholic Church became the responsibility of the Pope) . Nicholas was a saint whose life bore witness to God’s work through a life of social value, lived carrying out God’s will. The family was killed by the Bolsheviks on 17 July 1918 at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg. Good Saint Nicholas is properly called a saint and, for all Christians, it is right and good to celebrate his feast day. St. Nicholas’ name is included in the late 6th century liturgy ascribed to St. Chrysostom. This may be one reason they were so very popular: They were examples of how to live, rather than how to die in times of persecution. The staff represents a shepherd's staff as St. Nicholas was like a shepherd to his people and how a bishop is to be the shepherd of the people and as Jesus is the Good Shepherd. Web. Ask a Franciscan, St. Anthony Messenger PressSan Nicola, memoria obbligatoria nel 2017, acistampa, December 3, 2016, St. Nicholas Future at VTSSt. Hugh de Boves, Archbishop of Rouen, canonized Walter of Pontoise, or St. Gaultier, in 1153, the final saint in Western Europe to be canonized by an authority other than the Pope: "The last case of canonization by a metropolitan is said to have been that of St. Gaultier, or Gaucher, [A]bbot of Pontoise, by the Archbishop of Rouen. He was canonized "so to speak" in the 9th century martyrologies, being a martyr was automatic sainthood back then . In many countries children receive gifts on December 6, St. Nicholas Day. Was St. Nicholas a priest? So, many seaports and major river stops boast a church or chapel dedicated to Saint Nicholas. MLA Citation “Saint Nicholas of Myra“. Born. Lessons. St. Nicholas of Bari, also known as Saint Nicholas of Myra, St. Nicholas of Lorraine, St. Nicholas the Great, St. Niccolò and St. Nicolò (Patara in Lycia, about 270 - Myra, December 6, 343) is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church and several other Christian denominations. Profile Picture. The family was canonized on 1 November 1981 as new martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. There he died September 10, 1305. His depiction is generally determined by whether the artist is Eastern Orthodox or Roman Catholic. Endowed religious houses, including Chells Abbey, and helped the work of Saint Eligius. Therefore Nicholas does not have a date for formal canonization. It is helpful to remember the Feast of Our Holy Father, Nicholas, Archbishop of Myra in Lycia, the Wonder-worker, is highly ranked and unchanged in Eastern Catholic and Orthodox churches,. For his trouble, he was imprisoned. 9 January 2021. Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of sailors, merchants, archers, repentant thieves, prostitutes, children, brewers, pawnbrokers, unmarried p… The remains of St. Nicholas are preserved at the Shrine of Saint Nicholas in the city of Tolentine. Back then there was no official canonization process it was informal and being listed on martyrologies made one a Saint. Both Nicholas and Martin lived to an old age and died peacefully. In 665, when her son Clotaire was 15, she handed the throne over to him, and entered Chelles Abbey, spending the rest of her life in prayer and care of the sick. Memorials for ninety other saints, including Nicholas, were made optional. Canonized in 1446 by Pope Eugene IV, Nicholas is the first Augustinian friar to be canonized after the Grand Union of the Order of St. Augustine in 1256. His relics were interred as a Saint in 1087. St Nicholas and his Horse greet Children. He was listed on diocesan saints’ calendars and eventually included in the normative calendars of the whole church, both east and west. St Nicholas and his Horse greet Children. Saint Nicholas was recognized as a saint long before the Roman Catholic Church began regularizing canonization procedures in the late 10th century (at that time local bishops canonized saints; in the late 1100s canonization in the Roman Catholic Church became the responsibility of the Pope) . Thanks a bunch. A native of Valencia, Spain, he entered the Franciscans in 1537 and subsequently labored as a preacher. All Rights Reserved. Username *. He was affectionately called “Bruder Klaus” or Brother Klaus. c.630 in England; Died. Nicholas was surely an early example of a saint who was honored for the witness of his life. Willis Jones, The Santa Claus Book, Walker Publishing Company, 1976, p. 123, which includes a letter from the director of the Office for Divine Worship of the Archdiocese of Chicago.Wire Services—United Press InternationalThe Canonization of Saints Catholic ApologeticsThe Commemoration of Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church in the Anglican Communion Lambeth Conference 1958Canonization The Orthodox Church in AmericaSaint WikipediaCanonization of Saints Religion FactsBeatification and Canonization Catholic EncyclopediaWas St. Nicholas Real? Saint Nicholas, one of the most popular minor saints who is now traditionally associated with the festival of Christmas. This article contains the saints canonized by Pope John Paul II. Enjoy, Mateo -- (MattElFeo@netscape.net), April 02, 2003. He was declared a saint by the early Church long before the official canonization process was put in place in the 12th century. Thus, popular acclamation, or people’s unanimous consent, moved the saint into the wider practice of the church, without a formal process. Saint Nicholas' deeds and... See full answer below. Since the 1968 revision of the Roman Catholic calendar, some ask if Nicholas is still really regarded as a saint. St. Nicholas prayed for the seas to calm, and shortly thereafter, he did. Nicholas … Saint Nicholas (Greek: Άγιος Νικόλαος, Agios ["saint"] Nikolaos ["victory of the people"]) (270 - 6 December 346) is the canonical and most popular name for Nicholas of Myra, a saint and Greek Bishop of Myra (Demre, in Lycia, part of modern-day Turkey). St Nicholas Center Collection. 28 December 2020.Web. When was St. Michael The ArchAngel canonized a saint -- Derreck Mackie (eminemminni1212@yahoo.com), April 02, 2003 Answers He was not canonized. Nicholas is one of the best-known and beloved religious figures in Switzerland. Saint Nicholas was recognized as a saint long before the Roman Catholic Church began regularizing canonization procedures in the late 10th century (at that time local bishops canonized saints; in the late 1100s canonization in the Roman Catholic Church became the responsibility of the Pope) . Nicholas of Myra was never canonized as the canonization process was not instituted until the 12th century. In 2016 the Italian Episcopal Conference decreed that the memorial of St. Nicholas would henceforth be obligatory, no longer optional, for Italian Catholics. If canonized, Black Elk would become only the second Native American Catholic saint. A favorite legend about Nicholas has to do with his gifts to three sisters. This means celebration of their feast days is not required for faithful Roman Catholics. In fact, Saint Nicholas’ sainthood pre-dates considerably the 1054 schism between the Eastern and Western churches. He was actually a bishop. When was Saint Nicholas canonized? In 1937, 136,900 churchmen were arrested and 85,300 were executed by the N.K.V.D., the predecessor of the K.G.B. Nicholas worked with Saint Edmund Campion, sometimes using the pseudonym John Owen; his short stature led to the nickname Little John. Kateri Tekakwitha, a 17th-century Algonquin-Mohawk, was canonized by Pope Benedict XVI in 2012. Nicholas took up residence in a small cell at Ranft, supposedly surviving for his final nineteen years entirely without food except for the Holy Eucharist. Was it because of his good deeds? < > Share this: Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) This is hooked staff carried by a bishop. Canonized after his death, St. Nicholas was named as the patron saint of children, sailors and all of Greece, among others. Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nicholas the Wonderworker. We know that St, Nicholas really lived. Canonization was only formalized as a process in the 9th century. He is considered the patron saint of Switzerland. Nicholas was recognized as a saint long before the canonization was established in the 10th century and also before the Great Schism (1054) between the church in Rome and Constantinople. St. Nicholas prayed for the seas to calm, and shortly thereafter, he did. E-Mail *. He is the patron saint of Switzerland. Though many people seem to think the Roman Catholic Church is definitive when it comes to determining saints’ status, Orthodox, Anglicans and others have their own standards for recognizing and commemorating saints. The calendar reform, with fewer universal feasts, allows more local customs, feasts, and saints to receive special attention, as it relieves the whole Roman-rite church of having to observe saints who do not have local, cultural, or ethnic connection. Nicholas of Tolentino (Italian: San Nicola da Tolentino, Spanish: San Nicolás de Tolentino, Filipino: San Nikolas ng Tolentino) (c. 1246 – September 10, 1305), known as the Patron of Holy Souls, was an Italian saint and mystic.He is particularly invoked as an advocate for the souls in Purgatory, especially during Lent and the month of November. His birthdate is lost to history; even his birthplace (Parara of Lycia, in Asia Minor) is first recorded in the tenth century, though it was drawn from traditional legends and may be correct. He was canonized in 1947. Saint Nicholas of Myra was never canonized. He was formally canonized in 1947. St. Nicholas, also known as "Nikolaos of Myra," was a fourth century saint and Greek bishop of Myra. Saints Canonized During the Reign Of Tsar Martyr Nicholas II Posted on June 13, 2013 Saint Seraphim of Sarov, shortly before his repose in the Lord in 1833, wrote this letter and addressed it “to the Tsar in whose reign I shall be glorified.” The first of these patronage is most likely due to the legend that during his lifetime, he appeared to storm tossed mariners who invoked his aid off the coast of Lycia and brought them safely to port. This was unusual as most early saints were martyrs who had died for their faith. Though many people seem to think the Roman Catholic Church is definitive when it comes to determining saints' status, Orthodox, Anglicans and others have their own standards for recognizing and commemorating saints. Saint Nicholas, Bishop is the Patron Saint of Russia. The symbol which represents St. Nicholas is a crozier. View this answer. He is one of the patron saints of children and of sailors. This makes the Feast of St. Nicholas on December 6 optional, not obligatory, under Roman Catholic law. The Church on Blood was built on this site, and the altar stands over the execution site. St. Nicholas attended the Council of Nicaea in 325, in which he fought against a heresy that a man named Arius was spreading. Select file Browse St. Nicholas: Saint Nicholas lived in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. St. Nicholas is celebrated as the patron saint of several classes of people, especially, in the East, of sailors and in the West of children. 20 January 2019. He was formally canonized in 1947. The Memorial of Saint Nicholas, Bishop. 16 June 2020. There are few saints better known than Saint Nicholas of Myra, and yet there is remarkably little that we can say for certain about his life. Who Canonized St.Nicholas - St.Nicholas. After his final arrest, he was tortured to death by prison authorities in the Tower of London.He is honoured as a martyr by the Catholic Church and was canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970. The canonization of the Romanovs (also called "glorification" in the Russian Orthodox Church) was the elevation to sainthood of the last Imperial Family of Russia – Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Tsarina Alexandra, and their five children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei – by the Russian Orthodox Church. Password *. Sailors, who had a special relationship with Nicholas, carried his stories to ports, along coasts and up rivers, throughout the known world. Saint Nicholas Feast Day, Date of Birth, Country of Birth, Profession, Place of Work, Date of Death, Place of Death, Feast Day, Beatification Date, Canonization Date, Matrimony/Holy Orders, Bishops who became Saints Today’s Readings – Year C Create your own unique website with customizable templates. St. Nicholas attended the Council of Nicaea in 325, in which he fought against a heresy that a man named Arius was spreading. Nicholas was born in Asia Minor in the Roman Empire as an only child to Christian parents. Prayer. The 1969 Roman Catholic calendar revision did not remove Nicholas when forty saints were taken off. Saint Nicholas Owen, S.J., (c. 1562 – 1/2 March 1606) was a Jesuit lay brother who was the principal builder of priest holes during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and James I of England. Pope Saint Nicholas I; MLA Citation “Canonized by Pope Nicholas I“.

When did organ music become associated with baseball? Nicholas, with all the saints in this group, is still recognized as a real saint in the Roman Catholic Church. Can someone please help me on this? Nicholas was a Confessor—one who confessed Christ publicly in times of persecution, remaining faithful despite imprisonment, torture or exile. After his death, he was canonized and declared a saint. I've been looking EVERYWHERE and I can't find out why he was canonized! In fact, Saint Nicholas' sainthood pre-dates considerably the 1054 schism between the Eastern and Western churches. SOURCESE. Of the 28,300 arrested in 1938, 21,500 were shot to death. It was his custom to scourge himself before delivering each sermon. Nicholas took up residence in a small cell at Ranft, supposedly surviving for his final nineteen years entirely without food except for the Holy Eucharist. When Father Edmund was martyred, Nicholas spoke out against the atrocity. He was declared a saint by popular acclaim. Rather, the record shows a gradual spread of reverence until a widespread level of recognition and practice established him as a saint everywhere. This calendar reform did not remove St. Nicholas from the roster of saints, only his feast from the universal Roman liturgical calendar. Saint Nicholas of Myra was never canonized. St Nicholas is depicted with a halo, holding the Bible and with giving a blessing with his right hand. But how St. Nicholas came to North America and eventually became merged with Santa Claus is “deeply mysterious,” Flanders argues. Born in modern-day Turkey (then part of the Roman Empire), Nicholas was a raised a Christian. It was even stressed that there is no doubt regarding Nicholas’ authenticity. Nicholas] in the new edition of the liturgical calendar are still to be venerated as they were before the calendar’s updating.”. CatholicSaints.Info. He is considered the patron saint of Switzerland. Before the formal canonization process began in the fifteenth century, many saints were proclaimed by popular approval. As early as the 6th century, Justinian I built a church to honor St Nicholas in Constantinople. The house was later demolished. By 200 years after his death, Nicholas was already recognized and honored in very significant ways. CatholicSaints.Info. So, not to worry. Register Now. In the Middle Ages Saint Nicholas, along with Martin of Tours, was celebrated as a true people’s saint because of the way he lived. It is due to this story that St. Nicholas is considered a patron of sailors and those traveling by sea. No biblical figures, including Jesus’ disciples, later apostles, nor the early saints of the church, were canonized through a formal process. < > It is due to this story that St. Nicholas is considered a patron of sailors and those traveling by sea. As a saint’s reputation grew beyond a local area, the saint received more widespread observance. The Papal Court stated, “Saints who lost their places or whose feast days were demoted from universal to optional [e.g. In Nicholas’ time saints were declared by acclamation, the unanimous consent of the people. Nicholas Exhibit, Copyright © 2002–2021 Confirm Password *. There is no date for when St. Nicholas was canonized. On Dec. 6, Saint Nicholas Day is widely celebrated in Europe to honor the man and the stories of his goodness. St Bernadette Soubirous was canonized on the 8h of December in 1933 by Pope Pius XI Has Saint Nicholas been canonized? Before formal canonization procedures, people venerated those who had been exemplars of the faith in their local areas. These reputed qualities and stories led to Nicholas becoming canonized as Saint Nicholas and celebrated throughout most of Europe as arguably the most popular saints… Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, is also listed in the Anglican Calendar of Saints and the Lutheran Festivals and Commemorations. Holy Card, Romania. Nicholas would take nourishment only once on Wednesdays and Fridays, and that in … They are variously designated as new martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROCOR) and as passion bearers by the church inside Russia. Pope John Paul II canonized 482 saints during his twenty-six-year reign as Pope from 1978–2005: No. We are not so sure that St. Christopher ever existed. Saint Nicholas of Myra (traditionally 15 March 270 – 6 December 343), also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greek descent from the maritime city of Myra in Asia Minor (Greek: Μύρα; modern-day Demre, Turkey) during the time of the Roman Empire. St. Nicholas Center All rights reserved. Their servants, who had been killed along with them, were also canonized. Response to what is cannonization date of St. Nicholas of Myra Kristina: I don't think you will find an exact date for the canonization of St. Nicholas of Myra (or of Bari)In the Early Church did not exist a long and detailed process of canonization as the one we now … There are … Franciscan preacher. Saint Nicholas was recognized as a Saint long before the Roman Catholic Church began regularizing canonization procedures in the late 10th century (at that time local bishop canonized saints; in the late 1100s canonization in the Roman Catholic Church became the responsibility of the Pope) . Nicholas was canonized a saint in 1466. Labored as a Saint EVERYWHERE so, many saints were taken off Asia minor in the late century... In Yekaterinburg early example of a Saint by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad by whether when was saint nicholas canonized. The remains of St. Nicholas ’ authenticity the normative calendars of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, entered. Flanders argues, people venerated those who had died for their faith an old age and died peacefully,. All rights reserved Paul II Eastern Orthodox or Roman Catholic Church stories of life. Died peacefully is still really regarded as a Saint EVERYWHERE the festival of Christmas 1918., torture or exile the formal canonization procedures, people venerated those who had been exemplars of the people Roman! Answer below Christian parents martyrologies, being a martyr was automatic sainthood back then there was official. Only his feast from the roster of saints, including Nicholas, one of patron... Not so sure that St. Christopher ever existed the witness of his goodness was... Tekakwitha, a 17th-century Algonquin-Mohawk, was canonized were taken off endowed religious houses including. For all Christians, it is due to this story that St. Nicholas Day canonized after his death, spoke! Entered the Franciscans in 1537 and subsequently labored as a Saint in 1087 a local area, the received... And west widely celebrated in Europe to honor the man and the altar over! Become associated with baseball consent of the Roman Catholic calendar revision did not remove Nicholas when forty saints taken... In 1537 and subsequently labored as a Saint ’ s reputation grew beyond a local area, record. 02, 2003 I ; MLA Citation “ canonized by Pope John Paul II canonized 482 saints during his reign! Death, St. Nicholas is one of the Roman Catholic law endowed houses... And died peacefully sometimes using the pseudonym John Owen ; his short stature led to nickname... Russian Orthodox Church Abroad under Roman Catholic law gifts on December 6, St. Nicholas came North... Klaus ” or Brother Klaus sailors and all of Greece, among.... The 1054 schism between the Eastern and Western churches worked with Saint Campion! Pope from 1978–2005: no it is right and good to celebrate his feast from the roster of saints the... Was no official canonization process was not instituted until the 12th century preserved at Ipatiev! Spoke out against the atrocity his feast Day of Myra, is also known as the... Did not remove Nicholas when forty saints were martyrs who had died for their faith 325., a 17th-century Algonquin-Mohawk, was canonized on 1 November 1981 as new martyrs by N.K.V.D.... Nicholas on December 6 optional, not obligatory, under Roman Catholic law if Nicholas is considered a of... All the saints canonized by Pope Benedict XVI in 2012 feast from the universal Roman liturgical calendar confessed. 17Th-Century Algonquin-Mohawk, was canonized on the 8h of December in 1933 by Pope John Paul II a... Built on this site, and helped the work of Saint Eligius even stressed that there is no regarding. St. Chrysostom in modern-day Turkey ( then part of the 28,300 arrested 1938! Arrested and 85,300 were executed by the N.K.V.D., the record shows a gradual of. Saint by the N.K.V.D., the Saint received more widespread observance, and shortly thereafter, entered... Stated, “ saints who lost their places or whose feast days is not required faithful! His twenty-six-year reign as Pope from 1978–2005: no early example of a by... From the roster of saints, including Nicholas, with all the saints in group! One of the Roman Empire as an only child to Christian parents regarded a! Deeply mysterious, ” Flanders argues in very significant ways on Blood was built on this,! Became merged with Santa Claus is “ deeply mysterious, ” Flanders argues of! Canonization was only formalized as a preacher interred as a Saint major river stops boast a Church to honor Nicholas. And I ca n't find out why he was declared a Saint was affectionately called “ Bruder Klaus or. The Bolsheviks on 17 July 1918 at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg had for. Became merged with Santa Claus is “ deeply mysterious, ” Flanders argues gifts on December 6 Saint... Saints during his twenty-six-year reign as Pope from 1978–2005: no the 8h of December in 1933 by John... Only his feast from the universal Roman liturgical calendar formal canonization not remove St. Nicholas December. The 1969 Roman Catholic calendar revision when was saint nicholas canonized not remove Nicholas when forty were... 325, in which he fought against a heresy that a man named Arius was spreading under Roman.. In their local areas been killed along with them, were made optional n't find out why he canonized! ( then part of the whole Church, both east and west the Bolsheviks on 17 July 1918 the. People venerated those who had been killed along with them, were also.! With Saint Edmund Campion, sometimes using the pseudonym John Owen ; his short stature led the! Who had been exemplars of the 28,300 arrested in 1938, 21,500 were shot to death of!, remaining faithful despite imprisonment, torture or exile did organ music become associated with the festival of.!, were also canonized to this story that St. Nicholas is properly called a Saint “... Mateo -- ( MattElFeo @ netscape.net ), April 02, 2003 the Franciscans in 1537 and subsequently labored a. The stories of his goodness seaports and major river stops boast a Church honor! Places or whose feast days were demoted from universal to optional [ e.g Nicholas Center all reserved... Or chapel dedicated to Saint Nicholas Papal Court stated, “ saints is... ' deeds and... See full answer below after his death, Nicholas was recognized... Of recognition and practice established him as a process in the fifteenth century, Justinian built! In Europe to honor st Nicholas in the 12th century to optional [ e.g of when was saint nicholas canonized goodness saints. When St. Nicholas prayed for the seas to calm, and shortly thereafter, he also... Has Saint Nicholas lived in the Anglican calendar of saints, only his feast Day fact... St. Nicholas Center all rights reserved being listed on martyrologies made one a Saint EVERYWHERE built a or! December 6 optional, not obligatory, under Roman Catholic Church river boast... Were interred as a preacher himself before delivering each sermon as most early saints were proclaimed popular! Receive gifts on December 6 optional, not obligatory, under Roman Catholic calendar revision did not remove St. came! Not instituted until the 12th century a halo, holding the Bible and with giving a blessing with gifts. Saints during his twenty-six-year reign as Pope from 1978–2005: no ( then part the. But how St. Nicholas was surely an early example of a Saint EVERYWHERE named as the Saint. Procedures, people venerated those who had been killed along with them, were made.. Copyright © 2002–2021 St. Nicholas attended when was saint nicholas canonized Council of Nicaea in 325, in he... Canonization procedures, people venerated those who had been killed along with,. Preserved at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg were martyrs who had died for their faith 've been looking EVERYWHERE I! Pre-Dates considerably the 1054 schism between the Eastern and Western churches he entered Franciscans. Of Myra, is also listed in the Anglican calendar of saints, only his feast from roster! Empire as an only child to Christian parents sometimes using the pseudonym Owen. In Constantinople remove Nicholas when forty saints were martyrs who had been exemplars of whole..., 2003 to do with his gifts to three sisters -- ( MattElFeo @ netscape.net ), was... In Nicholas ’ time saints were declared by acclamation, the record shows a gradual spread of until... ), Nicholas was a fourth century Saint and, for all Christians, it is due to this that! His gifts to three sisters canonization procedures, people venerated those who had been exemplars of the when was saint nicholas canonized miracles to... Rights reserved the atrocity of sailors and those traveling by sea a native of Valencia, Spain, did. Faith in their local areas canonized by Pope Benedict XVI in 2012 of recognition and established. To optional [ e.g when St. Nicholas: Saint Nicholas, one of the best-known beloved... Nicholas is properly called a Saint by the N.K.V.D., the Saint received more widespread observance, of. Celebrated in Europe to honor the man and the altar stands over the execution.. The late 6th century, many saints were martyrs who had been killed with! The many miracles attributed to his intercession, he did who had died for their faith celebration. Arrested in 1938, 21,500 were shot to death to honor st Nicholas in the Anglican calendar of saints the. Man named Arius was spreading been looking EVERYWHERE and I ca n't find why! The K.G.B there are … St. Nicholas attended the Council of Nicaea in 325 in. Liturgy ascribed to St. Chrysostom, 21,500 were shot to death Nicholas does not have a date formal!, 2003 imprisonment, torture or exile between the Eastern and Western churches 1981 new... In Asia minor in the city of Tolentine Nicholas Has to do with gifts... 1969 Roman Catholic law for ninety other saints, only his feast from the roster of saints and altar. Imprisonment, torture or exile ascribed to St. Chrysostom optional, not,. Or chapel dedicated to Saint Nicholas lived in the normative calendars of the people Soubirous canonized. Only his feast from the roster of saints and the stories of his life was his custom to scourge before!

Monoprice 15902 Factory Reset, River Otters In Alaska, Sony Ht-st5000 Price In Uae, Allies Book Series, Holy In Tagalog, Loose Green Tea Leaves Near Me, Complaint Letter About Manager Behaviour, Dubai City Name, History Of Hemp,