Learners delve into the relationships between theoretical approaches and criminal justice policy; crime rates and justice statistics; the role of police and their operations; the court system; and corrections. Aboriginal People and the Law; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada; Indigenous Services Canada; Legal Services Society (legal aid) Native Courtworker and Counselling Association of British Columbia; Jury Duty. The Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement is a longstanding partnership between the Victorian Government and Aboriginal Community to improve Aboriginal justice outcomes. In particular, the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, in its 1996 publication Bridging the Cultural Divide, recommended the establishment of independent justice systems on reserves. Background: Aboriginal Justice Strategy Origin and Rationale. In Ontario, Legal Aid Ontario has also funded some of these programs. A jury is a group of people who decide if an accused person in a criminal trial is guilty or if a claim in a civil trial has been proven. In 1999, section 718.2(e) was first challenged by Jamie Gladue, an Aboriginal woman, in the Supreme Court of Canada case, R v Gladue, [1999] 1 SCR 688. [86] Rudin, above n 84. Course Delivery Combined Online A course delivery mode that combines elements of non-scheduled and scheduled activity. 1.Traditionally, the goals of Aboriginal justice were to heal the offender and the victim, and to restore harmony to the community. Indigenous adults represent 4.1% of the total Canadian adult population but 27% of adults in federal custody (fiscal year 2016 to 2017). The project takes Aboriginal offenders out of the criminal justice system and brings them before members of the Aboriginal community. Diversion involves taking responsibility for the crime you have been charged with, often by admitting your involvement. Are the two sets of goals compatible? The Project reviewed the unique considerations involved in the sentencing of Indigenous people with all those who work in or are exposed to the criminal justice system in Saskatchewan. Indigenous diversion is available in some courts as a voluntary way to resolve minor criminal charges, often without going to trial or pleading guilty. Aboriginal justice Course Department. It has long been recognized that Aboriginal people make up a disproportionately large segment of the prison population in Canada. Aboriginal Australians in Western Australia comprise between 3 and 4% of the general population. Aboriginal women being over represented in the criminal justice system both as offenders and as victims of crimes. Fall 1999). Aboriginal Criminal Behaviour TOP. R E-THINKING A CCESS TO C RIMINAL J USTICE IN C ANADA: A C RITICAL R EVIEW OF N EEDS, R ESPONSES AND R ESTORATIVE J USTICE I NITIATIVES by Patricia Hughes and Mary Jane Mossman (2001) Download PDF file. The same contradictions between Aboriginal values and the dominant justice system result in a heavy burden being placed on Aboriginal accused, plaintiffs and witnesses who enter into the "white" justice system. Too many Indigenous and marginalized people are caught in Canada's criminal justice system, both as victims and as offenders. The members of the Council are men and women who represent a cross-section of Toronto's Aboriginal community. The Vancouver Aboriginal Transformative Justice Service Society (VATJSS) is a non-profit agency that provides justice, homelessness and crime prevention services to Indigenous people within the Metro-Vancouver area. Also, a restorative justice approach will often allow for a solution with no jail time, which helps reduce the drastic over-representation of Aboriginals in Canadian jails. The Court found that over-representation was “only the tip of the iceberg insofar as the estrangement of the aboriginal peoples from the Canadian criminal justice system is concerned.” In R. v. Ipeelee in 2012, the Court restated its findings in Gladue. We can compare our approach to punishment over the last 200 years with how Indigenous cultures and groups dealt with and addressed similar problems before the imposition of English-based laws and … Aboriginal peoples are the most over-represented ethnicity in Canada’s criminal justice system. Criminal, family and civil matters can be diverted from the formal system and dealt with in the community and by the community using restorative justice. “Trying to explain guilty and not guilty can be difficult,” said Holly Fitzsimmons, 28, a criminal lawyer who manages the Wadeye circuit with the North Australian Aboriginal Justice … ABORIGINAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE POST-GLADUE 6TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON Co-Presented with. Transforming Relationships Through Participatory Justice Law … However, as has been noted by Aboriginal women, there is a tendency by the criminal justice system and Aboriginal communities to develop models that fail to provide adequate protection to victims, particularly women in situations of domestic violence. Programme Description. Learn more about jury duty. Aboriginal Justice Strategy Annual Report 2005-2006. Aboriginal justice programs that were specifically aimed to take Aboriginal offenders out of the criminal justice system and have them dealt with in more culturally appropriate and meaningful ways. However, they comprise more than 42% of the prisoners in custody. The Youth Criminal Justice Act carries a similar provision under section 38(2)(d). 8:15 Registration and Continental Breakfast 9:00 Opening Ceremony Welcome and Introduction from the Chairs 9:15 Latest Case Law Update André Chamberlain, Counsel, Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions Sarah D. Dover, Lawyer In R. v. Ipeelee, the SCC cleared up some, but not all of the … Indigenous Canadians are generally disadvantaged in society due to a number of socio-economic factors. Indigenous courts are one method in which the Western Australian government is attempting to remedy this imbalance. Course ID. Aboriginal Concepts of Justice Perhaps one of the starkest examples of a difference in how societies respond to wrongdoing and misconduct by their members can be found within Canada itself. There are systematic issues in our criminal justice system that must be addressed. Law Enforcement & Investigation Aboriginal Justice. In mainstream society, restorative justice is praised as an alternative to a punitive system. The Final Report2 summarizes the work completed through the Project and also provides a baseline for future research and education in this area. These accounts generally Sissons, 1968; lack supporting empirical evidence and are often impressionistic in nature. This recognition equally applies to Aboriginal over-representation in criminal justice. Jonathan Rudin, ‘Aboriginal Peoples and the Criminal Justice System’ (Ipperwash Inquiry, 2007) 1. It has been argued that these problems stem from the generational effects of colonization, including displacement and the residential school system. Initially the authoritative and policy context for Aboriginal Justice which facilitated this emergence is examined. You're taken out of the criminal justice system and dealt with by an Indigenous organization or community. Aboriginal criminal justice system in Elsipogtog New Brunswick, the apex of which has been its Healing to Wellness court (H-W) which became operational in 2012. Compare this goal to the stated goals of the Canadian criminal justice system. Such processes focus on healing those affected by the criminal act, including the offender, and so are more in line with traditional Aboriginal justice. The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "Aboriginal crime and justice in Canada" and take you straight to … An independent justice system would recognize an important role for elders in the community and would reinforce those values and traditions that are historically intrinsic to those Indigenous communities. LAWS-2205 Course Duration. The programme seeks to provide meaningful alternatives to the mainstream Criminal Justice system for both youth and adult Aboriginal offenders and will address the needs of victims (where applicable). The Victorian Aboriginal Affairs Framework explicitly recognises that the contemporary social and economic circumstances of Aboriginal people are inextricably linked to ongoing and previous generations’ experiences of European colonisation. Native Justice Program (Various Locations) The goal of this program is to re-establish and re-empower traditional restorative justice practices in Aboriginal communities (based on the Unlocking Aboriginal Justice Program). [87] Brian R Pfefferle, ‘Gladue Sentencing: Uneasy Answers to the Hard Problem of Aboriginal Over-Incarceration’ (2006) 32(2) Manitoba Law Journal 113. In Aboriginal communities, restorative justice is seen by some as the revival of ancient approaches. The North Bay Aboriginal Community Justice Program will be administered from the North Bay Indigenous Friendship Centre and will work with Aboriginal offenders charged with a variety of criminal offences in an effort to address the root cause of a person’s criminal behaviour. As we stated in the introduction to this chapter, we believe that the fact that large numbers of Manitoba’s Aboriginal people come into conflict with the law stems from a mixture of discrimination on the part of the justice system and actual criminal behaviour on the part of Aboriginal people. Following the Law Reform report, a monumental court case titled R. v. Gladue posed to the Supreme Court of Canada the challenge of determining the appropriate interpretation of section 718.2 (e) of the Criminal Code of Canada. What is the actual effect of the Canadian criminal justice system on offenders and their communities? [88] Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46 (Canada) s 718(e). Previous Page; Table of Contents; Next Page ; 1. Fall 1999). She notes that restorative justice has been receiving much attention from the criminal justice system and community groups. Tallis, 1980). Indigenous Studies 348: Aboriginal Justice in Canada discusses the impact of the Canadian criminal justice system on Aboriginal people and communities, and the efforts Aboriginal people are making to regain control over the administration of justice. Aboriginal criminal justice personnel (c.f. Restorative Justice in Urban Aboriginal Communities by Irene Plett (1999) Download PDF file. The Royal Commission on Aboriginal People (RCAP) has taken up the challenge of finding a way to reconcile many residual conflicts between Aboriginal custom and non-Aboriginal legal regimes. The second was the broader development of autonomous Aboriginal Justice Systems (St. Peter, Shari Unpublished paper, OFIFC. Aboriginal Justice Systems. 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