1994). This process usually features a higher concentration of whitening ingredients than you'll find in products in the store. Brightening and whitening teeth have become the number one aesthetic concern for many people. In these cases peracetic acid is formed as an intermediate compound. (2013) showed that compromised bond strength to whitened enamel was immediately restored with the application of antioxidant gel sodium ascorbate and exposure to human saliva in situ for at least 7 days. Yellow stains are the easiest to whiten. No patient felt the need to have the teeth re-treated as a result of color regression. Have questions about your smile? As a whitening agent, sodium perborate is used with organic activators such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) to allow the use of sodium perborate at lower temperatures. The active ingredients in whitening strips vary, but many use … Table 3.7 lists the possible side effects. The viscosity also improves adherence to the tooth. Aging Consumption of staining substances trauma Use of antibiotic i.e Tetracycline excessive fluoride nerve degeneration Aging of restorations. The whitening toothpastes seem effective at removing surface stains on the teeth and may be useful to reduce extrinsic stains that occur from tea and coffee. However, studies have shown that the higher concentration materials may whiten teeth faster. Today it is also seen … 1998). Certain types of chewing gum can be used daily and especially after meals. However, this amount is small and the results may not be clinically significant. •  Have an adjustable peroxide concentration. Once this level has been determined, tray wearing times can be scientifically calculated. They may be used to maintain white teeth after whitening. Miranda et al. Nevertheless, more in situ and in vivo studies are needed to verify this observation (Attin et al. The reduction of hardness may reflect the loss of mineral from enamel, which could also result in reduced wear resistance (Seghi and Denry 1992). The currently available formula of Opalescence has more Carbopol than previously. Owing to the possibility of overuse of CPS by the patient at home, it is prudent to ensure that the patient follows the prescribed regimen for tray wearing. Patients in the latter study rewhitened on average at 25 months. If the patient cannot manage overnight use, then 2–3 hours is recommended in the evening. (guide to measure success, show whitening … 10. However, clinically this may be difficult to achieve because patients may not tolerate the application of ascorbic acid to the teeth for such a long period of time. Nevertheless, more in situ and in vivo studies are needed to verify this observation (Attin et al. The success rate for home whitening using a viscous whitening material for 7–10 days is about 95% (Haywood et al. The researchers also showed that there was a change in the fracture toughness of the enamel (McCracken and Haywood 1996). 1997). 1991) of the zinc phosphate cement. Studies using 10% CPS also showed that the bond strength of composite to etched enamel was reduced (Cvitko et al. This is the longest post-treatment clinical study published. Existing amalgams may change color from black to silver (see Figure 3.19). Your dental professional can make recommendations and advise you on the best whitening treatment for you. •  Remain in contact with oral tissues for short periods. Biology and anatomy are critical factors. There is also the possibility of an allergy to the whitening materials or to the tray plastic material. Whitening may reduce the hardness of the enamel surface, and that may be more readily detected with instrumented low-load testing systems. A clinical trial (Leonard et al. Teeth with extreme wear and older yellow teeth may take longer to whiten. © YYYY Colgate-Palmolive Company. Peroxide solutions flow freely through the enamel and dentin and into the pulp owing to the porosity and permeability of these structures (McEvoy 1989). Consumer Reports investigates whether OTC products help lighten your smile. (1994), at 1.5 years after treatment 74% of patients who had responded to home whitening were satisfied with the shade of their teeth. When the oxygen becomes saturated inside the tooth, it appears bright. At 3 years after treatment 62% were satisfied with their color. 1991). Further clarification of this is required. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. It is difficult to set up barriers to prevent the rapid penetration. Table 3.5  Properties of the ideal whitening agent. Directly after whitening, 84 treatments (51%) showed microhardness reduction compared with baseline, whereas 82 (49%) did not. It can laterally diffuse through the tooth and into the pulp within 5–15 minutes. 1998), but is thought to be the opposite of the whitening procedure. The whitening activity of perborates is probably a result of the presence of not only perhydroxyl anion (HO2)−, but also the peroxoborate anion. - Whitening products are found in many everyday items like as toothpaste, fluoride, and mouth raises, also Peroxide-based solutions are used whitening products. Treatment with sodium ascorbate gel for 60 minutes may be recommended if patients cannot wait for at least 7 days for adhesive techniques to be performed. Several other products that have been used for tooth whitening … An in vitro study by Leonard, Sharma, and Haywood (1998b) showed that a 16% solution of highly viscous materials (NiteWhite) successfully obtained a two-unit shade change more quickly than 5% and 10%.