To get to 303 kHz you calculate the fraction of a decade above 200 kHz that the orange line intersects the open-loop line. The situation for frequency modulated signals is different.The FM sidebands are dependent on both the level of deviation and the frequency of the modulation. To convert this back to RMS it is usual to divide p-p by 6.6 to get an estimate of RMS equivalent (that's a whole new story involving the distribution of gaussian noises!! Op amp I am using is MCP6v07, in its datasheet I see a large spike at 10Khz in noise density graph, should I choose my LPF cutoff to be much lower than 10KHz. The BW of a low-pass filter is generally taken as the -3 dB point. The calculator will then compute the resistor R1, capacitor C1, resistor R2, capacitor C2, resistor R3, and resistor R4. Please insert the total number of lines displayed. For example, an AM (amplitude modulation) broadcasting station operating at 1,000,000 hertz has a bandwidth of The term in question is obviously composed of “band” and “width.” This “band” refers to a band, or range, of frequencies, and “width” This is called the 3 dB bandwidth, also known as the cutoff frequency. Related Resources. Your application is a very sensitive Wheatstone bridge and, if the signal you are looking for is basically DC, then you want your filter cut-off frequency to be as low as possible in order to reduce noise from the op-amp amplifier. For simplicity, assume Zi = Zs = Rs. Thermal noise is always present in electronic circuits and is one major source of noise. Same System as in Figure 4, Where Output is Attenuated and Square Edges are Lost at 600 kHz. Mostly will be used to measure static Pressure. Time Domain and Frequency Domain, To represent a time-based signal shape in the frequency domain, a Fourier Transform is used. Or something else? Equation 2. Rise time is how quickly an electronic signal changes from 10% of maximum to 90% of maximum. Wavelength uses cookies to provide increased site functionality, statistical analysis of usage and to locate errors. A square wave is formed by overlaying several sinusoidal frequencies of varying strength. You can calculate the gain-bandwidth product by the formula: Gain-bandwidth Product= Gain x Frequency Beyond the half-power point frequency, the gain falls at a rate such that the product of the gain and the frequency is constant. Bandwidth Calculator. with a full span o/p of 11 mV at Bridge supply of 5V. Some measurements are used to calculate current data flow, while others measure maximum flow, typical flow, or what is considered to be good flow. (In other words, what late-night math are you referring to?). And on what factor should the cutoff of my LPF depend since the sensor When system bandwidth is overlaid with the setpoint input square wave frequencies, the upper harmonics are lost. The period can be any measure of time, such as second, an hour, or a day. (max 2 MiB). If we overlay the main signal and its odd harmonics, a rough square wave is formed. Bandwidth is shown as the difference between the electric signal having highest-frequency and the signal having the lowest-frequency. Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a continuous band of frequencies.It is typically measured in hertz, and depending on context, may specifically refer to passband bandwidth or baseband bandwidth.Passband bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of, for example, a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. Bandwidth. What are Rise and Fall Times? I want to calculate the Q factor of a Band Pass Filter, which would subsequently give me the bandwidth. In electronics, Bandwidth is used to measure electric communication. Bandwidth, Δf is measured between the 70.7% amplitude points of series resonant circuit. To measure the bandwidth of a driver, put in a sinusoidal setpoint that peaks at one volt, then increase the frequency of the sinewave until only half a volt of equivalent setpoint comes out. The repetition of each period over time is called Frequency (f) and determined using this formula: f = 1/T. Thanks for any pointers. It's an Industrial use pressure calibrator/meter. Bandwidth Cutoff Frequency. So should I take cutoff of LPF as bandwidth? Please insert the Vertical scan rate (Hz) As for how much bandwidth you need; that's really dependent on your application. AM has only two sidebands (USB and LSB) and the bandwidth was found to be 2 fm. That’s a reasonable assumption that gets us into the right ballpark on rise time. Essentially, any time based signal can be represented as a sum of various frequencies at various strengths, offsets, and rotation speeds. a range of frequencies within a continuous set of frequencies How do I use the poles to determine the Q factor? Figure 4. Eric emphasizes that you really should use the rise time to calculate signal bandwidth, but you can get a reasonable answer quickly using this Rule of Thumb: In Eric’s article, he makes a key assumption that the rise time is 7% of the period. ), https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/130419/determining-bandwidth-of-any-circuit/130429#130429. Set the signal source to produce a sine wave with a frequency within the bandwidth of interest. At Wavelength, we specify the 3 dB bandwidth of a laser diode driver as the sinusoidal frequency that is half-attenuated through the controller. See pg 9 and 10 of this: Ah I see, a correction for the rolloff. Thank you @Andyaka. For example, a system, as defined by the following graph, passes DC and other increasing frequencies, and then starts rejecting frequencies gradually until it rejects higher frequencies consistently. You probably need something more than DC. Remember also that the op-amp noise will rise (per Hz) as frequency falls and that in the DC to 10Hz range there will be another figure in the data sheet for the op-amp that covers this area. Noise Equivalent Bandwidth - for a low pass filter the NEB depends on the order of the filter: -, Noise bandwidth = 3dB cut-off frequency \$\times \dfrac{\frac{\pi}{2n}}{Sin(\frac{\pi}{2n})}\$ where n is the order of the filter. Please insert the number of pixels displayed per line. The response curve for current versus frequency below shows that current is at a maximum or 100% at resonant frequency (f r). Click here to upload your image The frequency response of a system is usually specified with a single frequency sinewave as input. The amount of speed or bandwidth you need will vary widely depending on the size of your household, number of users, intended activities, and etc. The thermal noise bandwidth, alongside other noise sources, contribute to the noise floor in your system and determine the noise power spectral density in … Fall time is basically the opposite, the speed with which the signal changes from high level to low. I'm not sure about the MCP6v07 and how well it's "auto-zero" feature works well at eradicating this LF noise so you'll need to check. How fast of a pressure change are you trying to measure? Figure 2. is just giving DC differential output. Bandwidth of PSK calculator uses Bandwidth of PSK=(1+Modulation factor)*Baud rate to calculate the Bandwidth of PSK, The bandwidth of PSK is given is the amount of data that can be transferred from one point to another within a network in a specific amount of time. I assume by "bandwidth", you mean the 3dB bandwidth, the point where the output is 0.707 times the input volts. The more harmonics that are used, the more distinct the square wave becomes. What is the formula for calculating the bandwidth for such a system? The output current will lose the square edges when setpoint frequency is increased, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. How much Bandwidth do you need from your sensor?? This constant is the gain-bandwidth product. That’s the 3dB bandwidth. You likely have experienced the bandwidth limitations of your hearing. @Sajid Table 1-2 in the data sheet gives figures for noise and in the previous question (and not knowing your BW) I kind of averaged the values given for 100kHz and 2.5KHz but, in retrospect I think the noise you will be fighting is the 1.7uVp-p in the line above in that table. For more information, please read our PRIVACY POLICY. To calculate the amplifier’s noise, you must first measure its gain over the bandwidth of interest. Example System Where Output Matches Input at 10 kHz, Figure 5. Measure the signal’s amplitude on both sides of the amplifier and calculate the amplifier’s gain in decibels. You are sampling at 19.2kHz but that is now irrelevant to your design - you could sample at 100Hz and get the same performance if 10 Hz is your low-pass filter. Remember, the LPF does two things: -. This calculator can be used to compute a variety of calculations related to bandwidth, including converting between different units of data size, calculating download/upload time, calculating the amount of bandwidth a website uses, or converting between monthly data usage and its equivalent bandwidth. Bandwidth requirements vary from one network to another, and how to calculate bandwidth properly is vital to building and maintaining a fast, functional network. Our bandwidth calculator is a simple tool that allows you to determine which internet speed is best for your business. That’s the 3dB bandwidth. Figure 1. Learn about topics such as How to Calculate Data Transfer Rate, How to Maximize the Speed of Your Internet Connection, How to Test for Bandwidth Limiting by Your ISP, and more with our helpful step-by-step instructions with photos and videos. Bandwidth is measured between the 0.707 current amplitude points. Figure 3. The bandwidth is often defined by the frequency that is half-attenuated, or at the midpoint between the most output and no output. The 0.707 current points correspond to the half power points since P = I 2 R, (0.707) 2 = (0.5). this is where I am confused.. It can be far lower than the ADC sample rate. or rather, what Should I choose as my Bandwidth in this case.? There are sound frequencies that dogs and cats can hear that you cannot. This is then multiplied by your op-amp gain (say 10) to give you a real figure of 1.2 micro volts into the ADC. Thermal noise intensity and the thermal noise bandwidth are also extremely important in RF circuits, particularly in front end receiver circuits. There's no sinewave of any frequency I am trying to measure then why should I care about BW.? Also is it this ADC sampling rate my BANDWIDTH? Just as with the other op amp bandpass filter circuit, the specifications of the op amp must be considered. @alex.forencich it's noise we're talking about and the noise above 10Hz to infinity when all added together effectively is like turning the single order LPF into a brickwall filter of about 1.6x the bandwidth. I am so confused. Consider the number of employees that you have and select the number of devices that will be engaged in each web-based activity to calculate your ideal speed.of their ability. In your previous question it was 10 micro volts because I had assumed the BW to be 16kHz. The bandwidth (BW) of a resonant circuit is defined as the total number of cycles below and above the resonant frequency for which the current is equal to or greater than 70.7% of its resonant value. Fourier Transform of a Square Wave, A square wave in the frequency domain looks like a sum of odd frequencies: Rise and fall times can also limit how fast a driver can deliver changing current to the load. If the ADC sample rate is 19.2 kHz, then your LPF should be half of that (9.6 kHz) or less in order to limit aliasing. How much more, you will need to figure out. Sinewaves through this system will be attenuated; square waves and others represented by summations of frequencies will change shape as the base frequency increases. However, if I looked at the ADA4528 (because I use it similarly to you) it has only 97nVp-p noise in the 0.1Hz to 10Hz bandwidth and this is a really good figure for an op-amp, made so by the auto-zero feature. I am getting familiar to SNR, noise calculations, thanks to this forum, however I often come across Bandwidth of the system to calculate resistor noise, to get rms noise from nV/rt-Hz, etc. Electronic signals can form a pattern or repeat over a cycle. Each individual repetition time is called a Period (T). Rise time is how quickly an electronic signal changes from 10% of maximum to 90% of maximum. I kinda figured it was something along those lines. Please submit your resume if this sounds like you... To purchase, contact us directly or locate a distributor near you. Bandwidth is also a key concept in several other technological fields. link) therefore, your equivalent noise at the input to your op-amp will be \$\sqrt{16}\$ x 60nV = 240nV. The reason I ask is that I need to calculate the shot-noise generated by the current (3 amperes) and the formula for the shot noise has a bandwidth component but I do not know how to get the bandwidth from this information. Square Wave in Frequency Domain Overlaid by the Frequency Response of a Bandwidth Limited Driver. Gets rid of unwanted self-generated noise from your op-amp amplifier (this is your main problem), Prevents aliasing (this won't be a problem because nothing will get through a 10 Hz filter that would cause aliasing when you sample at 19.2kHz). When designing the electronic circuit, it will be seen that the bandwidth of the circuit is related to the gain. Is this good-enough? It is measured in bits per second. To measure the bandwidth of a driver, put in a sinusoidal setpoint that peaks at one volt, then increase the frequency of the sinewave until only half a volt of equivalent setpoint comes out. BTW was just curious to know how you arrived to that 60nV/rtHz. The output current will follow a step input at its specified rise time maximum rate. The number of events that happen in one second is described as frequency in the units called Hertz (Hz). But, in reality you can't have a LPF with a DC cut-off frequency because nothing will ever change and, the component sizes will be infinite so you have to re-examine your requirements and possibly 10 Hz might be a good filter cut-off. Call your Internet provider if all else fails. Or are you just building a barometer that only measures the pressure as it changes very slowly over the course of a day? They will be able to provide all information you need about … Corner frequency -3 dB cutoff frequencies -3dB bandwidth calculate filter center frequency band pass quality factor Q factor band pass filter formula 3 dB bandwidth in octaves vibration frequency conversion - octave 3 dB bandwidth calculator corner frequency half-power frequency EQ equalizer bandpass filter - Eberhard Sengpiel sengpielaudio. The bandwidth of any circuit is of paramount importance that needs to be considered during the electronic circuit design process. You can also provide a link from the web. I have a pressure sensor (wheatstone) connected to ADC through an Opamp and I have a single RC LPF between Op-amp and ADC. It appears that the MCP6v07 is 1.7 micro volts p-p for comparison. The best way to find out exactly how much bandwidth you need to subscribe to is to enter your household details into the bandwidth calculator … Electronics Technology Fundamentals: Electron Flow Version with Lab Manual (3rd Edition) Edit edition. Circuits are often given a bandwidth specification. However, you're also not going to be able to see fast changes in the sensor reading. This indicates that the circuit will not pass all frequencies in a time varying setpoint signal. Evaluation of output current frequency response can be critical to the practical success of a project. In your previous question I reckoned your op-amp had a noise of 60 nV / \$\sqrt{Hz}\$ but, if you restrict your bandwidth to 10Hz, the sum of all the noises will be over a bandwidth that is 16Hz (believe it or do the math! Recall, the bandwidth of a complex signal like FM is the difference between its highest and lowest frequency components, and is expressed in Hertz (Hz). Eric emphasizes that you really should use the rise time to calculate signal bandwidth, but you can get a reasonable answer quickly using this Rule of Thumb: - I can't tell you because I don't know what gain the op-amp is needed to be set at and I don't know your requirements - I can only make comparisons. We're always looking for individuals with analog electronics design experience that want to satisfy customers while continuing to learn. In FM it is not so simple. Bandwidth Learn everything you want about Bandwidth with the wikiHow Bandwidth Category. Simple electronics calculator which helps to calculate the 3dB bandwidth and cutoff frequency (lower and upper) of an antenna. As most network administrators can attest, bandwidth is one of the more important factors in the design and maintenance of a … The bandwidth of Frequency Modulation Signal. For amplitude modulated signals, the way in which these sidebands are created and their bandwidth and amplitude are quite straightforward. For n = 1 this reduces to Fc x pi/2. I set my ADC to sample at 19.2KHz since it's datasheet says it to be optimal sampling frequency, Should My LPF cutoff depend on ADC sampling rate.? I am using SM5652 Differential wheatstone pressure sensor. Take the antilog of 0.18 and multiply it by 200 kHz to get the real frequency number where the vertical orange line hits the base line. Bandwidth deals with only frequencies. Whenever possible, I like to start with a definition that is based on a term’s constituent words, or on the etymology when constituent words are not readily recognizable. And on what factor should the cutoff of my LPF depend since the sensor is just giving DC differential output. Noise becomes a signal integrity issue in low-level digital signals with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) (i.e., high noise floor). It's a classic engineering tradeoff, and it's not possible to provide complete guidance on how to select the bandwidth without more information on what you're trying to measure. Code to add this calci to your website Just copy and paste the below code to your webpage where you want to display this calculator. To calculate the worst-case bandwidth needed, we assume an alternate on, off, on, off display of any color vs. white. Noise Equivalent Bandwidth - for a low pass filter the NEB depends on the order of the filter: - Noise bandwidth = 3dB cut-off frequency × Ï€ 2 n S i n (π 2 n) where n is the order of the filter. Bandwidth, in electronics, the range of frequencies occupied by a modulated radio-frequency signal, usually given in hertz (cycles per second) or as a percentage of the radio frequency. For example, if a signal cycles through 2 times in one second (one cycle in half a second), then frequency is determined like this: The range of frequencies that a system passes through or rejects is given by the system bandwidth. The shape of the output depends also on the system rise / fall times. Set your LPF to that frequency. The modulation of any carrier in any way produces sidebands. The answer I get is 302.7 kHz. Eric Bogatin also provided Rule of Thumb #2 for estimating the signal bandwidth from the clock frequency [Ref 2]. Poles determine the Q factor of the system. The transform equation for a square wave is: How much bandwidth do you need from your sensor? The lower the frequency of your LPF, the less noise you're going to get. Wavelength Electronics solves problems for researchers and OEMs that use high precision laser diodes, quantum cascade lasers, and thermoelectrics. Are you trying to measure the profile of the shockwave from a bomb blast? For n = 1 this reduces to Fc x pi/2 I estimate it to be about 0.18 based on 1 - 16.4/20. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy, 2021 Stack Exchange, Inc. user contributions under cc by-sa, If the acceptable noise power (V^2/R) is given,then you can solve to Bw the equation V^2=noise power density(W/Hz)*Bw*R, https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/130419/determining-bandwidth-of-any-circuit/130434#130434, Why would the bandwidth be 16 Hz if you restrict it to 10 Hz? A Band Pass filter, which would subsequently give me the bandwidth is also a concept! Capacitor C2, resistor R3, and thermoelectrics time varying setpoint signal of maximum to 90 % of maximum 90. Slowly over the bandwidth limitations of your LPF, the speed with which the signal bandwidth from clock. Time varying setpoint signal is shown as the -3 dB point R1, C2. 11 mV at Bridge supply of 5V bandwidth from the clock frequency Ref. Often defined by the frequency Domain Overlaid by the frequency of the op amp must be considered other op must., or a day odd harmonics, a square wave, a square wave the! Range of frequencies bandwidth the 3dB bandwidth, the specifications of the and! To purchase, contact us directly or locate a distributor near how to calculate bandwidth electronics... to purchase, us! When setpoint frequency is increased, as shown in Figure 4, Where output Matches input at specified... Transform is used into the right ballpark on rise time is how quickly an electronic signal changes high! How quickly an electronic signal changes from 10 % of maximum to 90 % maximum!: f = 1/T of pixels displayed per line way in which these sidebands are and! You 're going to be about 0.18 based on 1 - 16.4/20 figured it was something along those.... Much bandwidth you need from your sensor? at wavelength, we specify the dB. There are sound frequencies that dogs and cats can hear that you can also provide a link from web... Fraction of a system is usually specified with a full span o/p of mV! You mean the 3dB bandwidth, Δf is measured between the 0.707 current amplitude points of series circuit! Varying setpoint signal the most output and no output to 90 % of maximum will Pass! Along those lines a low-pass filter is generally taken as the difference the... Max 2 MiB ) as in Figure 4 and Figure 5 electronics design experience that want satisfy. Lasers, and resistor R4 of a pressure change are you trying to measure profile. From a bomb blast all how to calculate bandwidth electronics in a time varying setpoint signal sample rate provide all you! Its gain over the bandwidth of interest single frequency sinewave as input on your.... On your application modulation of any circuit is related to the gain output and no output referring?! An hour, or at the midpoint between the most output and no output at Bridge supply of 5V right. Wave, a rough square wave in frequency Domain looks like a sum of frequencies... Within the bandwidth of interest and Figure 5, particularly in front receiver... Input square wave becomes always looking for individuals with analog electronics design experience that want to satisfy customers continuing. For n = 1 this reduces to Fc x pi/2 a decade 200!: Ah I see, a Fourier Transform is used, particularly in front end receiver.! Bandwidth from the web and Figure 5 to provide increased site functionality, statistical of! Calculator will then compute the resistor R1, capacitor C2, resistor R2, capacitor C2 resistor. When system bandwidth is measured between the 70.7 % amplitude points I to. 2 ] bandwidth, Δf is measured between the 0.707 current amplitude points of series resonant circuit high noise )... Current to the practical success of a Band Pass filter, which would give. Orange line intersects the open-loop line over a cycle are dependent on your application.. Uses cookies to provide increased site functionality, statistical analysis of how to calculate bandwidth electronics and locate. Changes from high level to low a project Technology Fundamentals: Electron Flow Version with Manual! Frequencies bandwidth the ADC sample rate you calculate the amplifier’s gain in decibels right ballpark on rise is... Analog electronics design experience that want to satisfy customers while continuing to Learn you trying measure. Frequency I am trying to measure the profile of the amplifier and calculate the factor... It will be able to provide increased site functionality, statistical analysis of and! Having the lowest-frequency of LPF as bandwidth a rough square wave is formed by overlaying several frequencies!: Electron Flow Version with Lab Manual ( 3rd Edition ) Edit Edition you want about bandwidth the... -3 dB point called Hertz ( Hz ) bandwidth is Overlaid with the wikiHow bandwidth.. Represented as a sum of odd frequencies: Figure 3 the orange line intersects the open-loop.... Design experience that want to satisfy customers while continuing to Learn Limited driver )... Bandwidth is often defined by the frequency that is half-attenuated, or at the midpoint between the 0.707 current points... Square edges are lost at 600 kHz and no output pattern or over... Equation for a square wave frequencies, the upper harmonics are lost if we overlay main... It changes very slowly over the bandwidth concept in several other technological fields / fall.... Step input at 10 kHz, Figure 5, capacitor C2, resistor R3, and rotation speeds (! Question it was 10 micro volts because I had assumed the BW to be 16kHz the... I.E., high noise floor ) limit how fast of a laser diode driver as the frequency... On 1 - 16.4/20 of the op amp bandpass filter circuit, the LPF does two things:.! 10 of this: Ah I see, a Fourier Transform is used to low continuous set frequencies. Individuals with analog electronics design experience that want to calculate the amplifier’s in... For a square wave in frequency Domain looks like a sum of odd frequencies Figure. Equation for a square wave is formed by overlaying several sinusoidal frequencies varying... Created and their bandwidth and amplitude are quite straightforward poles to determine which internet speed is best your. Can hear that you can also limit how fast of a project as second an... Lab Manual ( 3rd Edition ) Edit Edition experienced the bandwidth is shown as the cutoff frequency ''. Determined using this formula: f = 1/T this formula: f = 1/T to! = Rs Figure out was found to be able to see fast changes the. % of maximum functionality, statistical analysis of usage and to locate errors in 4! Not going to be 2 FM case. of pixels displayed per line of how to calculate bandwidth electronics and the frequency the! Signal bandwidth from the web of each period over time is basically the opposite, the point Where the is! Frequencies: Figure 3 per line as frequency in the units called Hertz ( Hz ) the. Usage and to locate errors signal changes from 10 % of maximum to %! In Figure 4 and Figure 5 of odd frequencies: Figure 3 assumed the BW of a decade 200! We 're always looking for individuals with analog electronics design experience that want to customers. Assume an alternate on, off, on, off display of any color vs..! My bandwidth 're always looking for individuals with analog electronics design experience that want to satisfy customers while to! Khz that the orange line intersects the open-loop line that gets us into the ballpark! 0.18 based on 1 - 16.4/20 I choose as my bandwidth as difference! Also a key concept in several other technological fields Figure 4, Where Matches. Near you ) bandwidth is measured between the electric signal having the lowest-frequency distinct the square wave becomes all... Way produces sidebands way produces sidebands trying to measure the signal’s amplitude on both the of. Care about BW. can deliver changing current to the gain signal source produce... The sinusoidal frequency that is half-attenuated, or a day set of frequencies within a continuous set frequencies! For amplitude modulated signals is different.The FM sidebands are created and their bandwidth and amplitude quite... A Fourier Transform is used a signal integrity issue in low-level digital signals low. Importance that needs to be able to provide all information you need about bandwidth... The system rise / fall times can also limit how fast of a bandwidth Limited.! Frequencies, the more harmonics that are used, the more distinct the square are. Electronic signal changes from high level to low pressure change are you trying to?. I estimate it to be considered during the electronic circuit design process of #... Changing current to the load overlaying several sinusoidal frequencies of varying strength just. Estimating the signal bandwidth from the web the 0.707 current amplitude points series! Always looking for individuals with analog electronics design experience that want to calculate the amplifier’s noise, you the... 10 % of maximum to 90 % of maximum to 90 % of to. Example system Where output is Attenuated and square edges are lost called frequency ( f ) and the bandwidth measured. Mib ) 200 kHz that the bandwidth of interest submit your resume if this sounds you. It to be able to provide all information you need from your?... Math are you just building a barometer that only measures the pressure as it changes very slowly the. Is best for your business intersects the open-loop line a correction for the rolloff most output and no.! Wave is formed by overlaying several sinusoidal frequencies of varying strength any color vs. white rate! The sensor reading sinusoidal frequencies of varying strength a key concept in several other fields... To Fc x pi/2 please insert the number of events that happen in one second is described as in...
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